Environmental Impact Assessment and Classification of 48 V Plug-in Hybrids with Real-Driving Use Case Simulations

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are commonly operated with high-voltage (HV) components due to their higher power availability compared 48 V-systems. On the contrary, HV-powertrain more expensive and require additional safety measures. Additionally, HV system can only be repaired maintained special equipment protective gear, which is not available in all workshops. PHEVs based on a V-system level offer reasonable compromise between greenhouse gas (GHG) emission-saving potential cost-effectiveness small- medium-sized electrified vehicles. In our study, lifecycle emissions of proposed V PHEV were conventional vehicle, HEV, for individual driving use cases. To ensure holistic evaluation, analysis was measured real-driving cycles including Global Position System (GPS) map-matched slope profiles parallel hybrid. Optimal battery capacities derived The 2020 2030 Europe. impact revealed that significantly reduce GHG no charging opportunity Furthermore, findings verified two vehicle segments energy mix scenarios. therefore complement existing powertrain portfolios contribute reaching future emission targets.